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zabbix mysql 数据库调优

zabbix 默认使用的是mysql数据库,当时zabbxi历史数据大的时候，会出现 cpu iowait的报警。
可以使用 mysql的分区表来解决，使用方法如下；

##zabbix
innodb_file_per_table=1
sync_binlog=0 
query_cache_size=0
query_cache_type=0
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_io_capacity  = 2000
innodb_old_blocks_time = 1000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_buffer_size  = 128M
tmpdir = /dev/shm/mysql
##zabbix -end


## zabbix 清空 所有历史数据

use zabbix;
truncate table history;
optimize table history;
truncate table history_log;
optimize table history_log;
truncate table history_str;
optimize table history_str;
truncate table history_text;
optimize table history_text;
truncate table history_uint;
optimize table history_uint;
truncate table trends;
optimize table trends;
truncate table trends_uint;
optimize table trends_uint;

use zabbix

#关闭housekeeper
ALTER TABLE housekeeper ENGINE = BLACKHOLE;

#删除主键
mysql> Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.71 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql>

使用分区表

• 创建存储过程

  DELIMITER $$
  CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
  BEGIN
          /*
             SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
             TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
             PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
          */
          /*
             Verify that the partition does not already exist
          */
  
          DECLARE RETROWS INT;
          SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
          FROM information_schema.partitions
          WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
  
          IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
                  /*
                     1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
                     2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
                     3. Execute the SQL from #2.
                  */
                  SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
                  SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
                  PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
                  EXECUTE STMT;
                  DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
          END IF;
  END$$
  DELIMITER ;
  DELIMITER $$
  CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
  BEGIN
          /*
             SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
             TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
             DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
          */
          DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
          DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
  
          /*
             Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
             in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with
             a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
          */
          DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
                  SELECT partition_name
                  FROM information_schema.partitions
                  WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
          DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
  
          /*
             Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create
             @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
             should be deleted.
          */
          SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
          SET @drop_partitions = "";
  
          /*
             Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
          */
          OPEN myCursor;
          read_loop: LOOP
                  FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
                  IF done THEN
                          LEAVE read_loop;
                  END IF;
                  SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
          END LOOP;
          IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
                  /*
                     1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
                     2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
                     3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
                  */
                  SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
                  PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
                  EXECUTE STMT;
                  DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
  
                  SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
          ELSE
                  /*
                     No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
                     that no changes were made.
                  */
                  SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
          END IF;
  END$$
  DELIMITER ;
  
  DELIMITER $$
  CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
  BEGIN
          DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
          DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
          DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
          DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
          DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
  
          CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
          SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
  
          SET @__interval = 1;
          create_loop: LOOP
                  IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                          LEAVE create_loop;
                  END IF;
  
                  SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);
                  SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
                  IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
                          CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
                  END IF;
                  SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
                  SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
          END LOOP;
  
          SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
          CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
  
  END$$
  DELIMITER ;
  
  DELIMITER $$
  CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
  BEGIN
          DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
          DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
          DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
  
          /*
           * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
           */
          SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
          FROM information_schema.partitions
          WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
  
          /*
           * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
           */
          IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
                  /*
                   * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
                   * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
                   * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
                   * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
                   */
                  SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
                  SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
  
                  -- Create the partitioning query
                  SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
                  SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
  
                  -- Run the partitioning query
                  PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
                  EXECUTE STMT;
                  DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
          END IF;
  END$$
  DELIMITER ;

##
设置上面后 存储过程调用方法是
CALL partition_maintenance(‘zabbix’, ‘history’, 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(‘zabbix’, ‘history_log’, 28, 24, 14);
等

优化存储过程调用

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance_all(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history’, 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_log’, 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_str’, 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_text’, 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_uint’, 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘trends’, 730, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘trends_uint’, 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;

##使用上面这个存储过程之后
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance_all(‘zabbix’);
+—————-+——————–+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+—————-+——————–+
| zabbix.history | N/A |
+—————-+——————–+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

….
….
….

+——————–+——————–+
| table | partitions_deleted |
+——————–+——————–+
| zabbix.trends_uint | N/A |
+——————–+——————–+
1 row in set (22.85 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (22.85 sec)

mysql>

创建计划任务 每天定时 生成新的分区表

zabbix tunning 分区表

30 04 * mysql zabbix -e “CALL partition_maintenance_all(‘zabbix’);”

end zabbix

在zabbix server上关闭 Housekeeper

登录zabbix server的web管理
在上面菜单栏 –>管理–>一般 右边选管家

历史记录
开启内部管家 去除勾选
覆盖监控项历史期间 勾选
数据存储时间（天）28

趋势
开启内部管家 去除勾选
覆盖监控项趋势期间 勾选
数据存储时间（天） 730

注释：
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance(‘zabbix’, ‘history’, 28, 24, 14);
表明：历史数据保留28天，24小时，14代表一次创建14个表

参考

howto/mysql partition
如何对zabbix mysql做分区表
zabbix进行数据库备份以及表分区